# Reliable and Resilient AI and IoT-based Personalised Healthcare Services: A Survey **Authors:** Najma Taimoor, Semeen Rehman **arXiv:** [2209.05457](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.05457) **Date:** 2022-08-29 **Summary page:** https://www.summarizepaper.com/en/arxiv-id/2209.05457v1/ ## Key points - Healthcare sector has transformed due to technological and economic developments leading to personalized and IoT-based healthcare services. - Current personalized healthcare services are unable to consider different interrelated health conditions, leading to inappropriate diagnoses and affecting sustainability and long-term patient health. - Healthcare 5.0 technology has evolved to achieve an autonomous healthcare service that takes into account the interdependent effect of different health conditions of a patient. - The paper presents a comprehensive survey on personalized healthcare services in modern Healthcare Internet of Things (HIoT). - Comprehensive Personalized Health Care Services (CPHS) are defined by contextualizing HIoT care (Healthcare 5.0) to support clinical personalization services. - Key functional (reliability, resilience, and personalization) and non-functional (constraints on reliability, resilience, and personalization) requirements of CPHS are identified. - Various AI and non-AI-based approaches under normal and hostile conditions in each layer of the reference architecture for IoT-based healthcare systems are explored along with their strengths vs weaknesses in establishing the identified requirements for modern personalized healthcare services. - Different security threats against each layer of IoT architecture along with possible AI- and non-AI-based solutions are highlighted. - A methodology is proposed to develop reliable, resilient, and personalized healthcare services that address the identified weaknesses of existing approaches. - The paper's logical organization is sketched in Figure 6; Section II explains their survey methodology while Section III introduces the transformation of healthcare technology towards personalized care along with its operational requirements. Section IV gives an overview of a reference architecture for IoT-based healthcare systems, their different layers, and recent efforts to establish requirements for modern personalized healthcare services. Section VI provides an overview of security threats at IoT layers and types of attacks on each layer, while Section VII introduces the authors' proposed solution. Finally, Section VIII concludes the paper. - The authors performed a systematic literature review (SLR) following guidelines suggested by Kitchenham to identify top research findings in the domain of IoT and healthcare using a keyword-based query searching mentioned in Table 2 which were used to download related research articles from various data sources like Springer IEEE Science Direct Academic medicine ACM etc. ## Summary The healthcare sector has undergone significant transformation due to recent technological and economic developments, leading to the emergence of personalized and IoT-based healthcare services. These services are developed using artificial intelligence/machine learning-based algorithms that highlight the efficiency of traditional healthcare systems. However, current personalized healthcare services are dedicated to a specific environment, unable to consider different interrelated health conditions, leading to inappropriate diagnoses and affecting sustainability and long-term patient health. To address this issue, Healthcare 5.0 technology has evolved to achieve an autonomous healthcare service that takes into account the interdependent effect of different health conditions of a patient. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on personalized healthcare services in modern Healthcare Internet of Things (HIoT). The authors first define Comprehensive Personalized Health Care Services (CPHS) by contextualizing HIoT care (Healthcare 5.0) to support clinical personalization services. They identify key functional (reliability, resilience, and personalization) and non-functional (constraints on reliability, resilience, and personalization) requirements of CPHS. The authors introduce an example use case scenario as a representative for modern HIoT before exploring various AI and non-AI-based approaches under normal and hostile conditions in each layer of the reference architecture for IoT-based healthcare systems (i.e., things, communication, and application layer). They analyze the strengths vs weaknesses of these approaches in establishing the identified requirements for modern personalized healthcare services. Furthermore, they highlight different security threats against each layer of IoT architecture along with possible AI- and non-AI-based solutions. Finally, they propose a methodology to develop reliable, resilient, and personalized healthcare services that address the identified weaknesses of existing approaches. The paper's logical organization is sketched in Figure 6; Section II explains their survey methodology while Section III introduces the transformation of healthcare technology towards personalized care along with its operational requirements. Section IV gives an overview of a reference architecture for IoT-based healthcare systems, their different layers, and recent efforts to establish requirements for modern personalized healthcare services. Section VI provides an overview of security threats at IoT layers and types of attacks on each layer, while Section VII introduces the authors' proposed solution. Finally, Section VIII concludes the paper. The authors performed a survey systematically by identifying top research findings in the domain of IoT and healthcare using a systematic literature review (SLR) following guidelines suggested by Kitchenham. Their approach follows a defined sequence of steps using keyword-based query searching mentioned in Table 2 which were used to download related research articles from various data sources like Springer IEEE Science Direct Academic medicine ACM etc..