Low frequency seismic responses and the challenge for acquisition

Abstract: Low frequency seismic responses have considerably different characteristics than conventional band responses and require acquisition technologies that are capable of meeting far greater requirements. Seismic sources must deliver forces at lower frequencies that are considerably larger than the forces delivered by modern sources at conventional band frequencies in order to achieve comparable signal-to-noise ratios for many traditional interface-related seismic responses. Source efforts that are only comparable to conventional band source efforts are not adequate. Low frequency seismic responses from certain non-interface related impedance changes may be greater, but still require improved low frequency seismic sources.