Molecular characterization of wild Pleurotus ostreatus (MW457626) and evaluation of $β$-glucans polysaccharide activities

Abstract: Pleurotus ostreatus is a common cultivated edible mushroom worldwide. The fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus is a rich source of a $\beta$-glucans polysaccharide. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of $\beta$-glucans as a natural polysaccharide produced by P. ostreatus as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer. The molecular identification of P. ostreatus isolate was confirmed by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence. The sequence alignment and phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of studied ITS sequence were performed against some deposited sequences in GenBank. The analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as the result of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the presence of $\beta$-glucans polysaccharide in the tested samples. The percentage of antioxidant activity of $\beta$-glucans showed a gradual increase from 8.59% to 12.36, 18.56, 23.69, 44.66 and 80.36% at the concentrations of 31.2, 64.4, 125, 250, 500, and 800 $\mu$g/ml, respectively. In addition, all concentrations of $\beta$-glucans showed higher antioxidant activities when compared with standard antioxidant (Vitamin C). The highest antimicrobial activity of $\beta$-glucans polysaccharide was against P. aeruginosa with a zone of inhibition (45 mm), while the lowest activity was against S. aureus (13 mm) both at 100 mg/mL. The percentage of growth-inhibiting of MCF-7 a humanbreast cancer cell line and normal WRL-68 cell line affected by $\beta$-glucans were determined by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT assay).