# Foundational Challenges in Assuring Alignment and Safety of Large Language Models

**Authors:** Usman Anwar, Abulhair Saparov, Javier Rando, Daniel Paleka, Miles Turpin, Peter Hase, Ekdeep Singh Lubana, Erik Jenner, Stephen Casper, Oliver Sourbut, Benjamin L. Edelman, Zhaowei Zhang, Mario Günther, Anton Korinek, Jose Hernandez-Orallo, Lewis Hammond, Eric Bigelow, Alexander Pan, Lauro Langosco, Tomasz Korbak  
**arXiv:** [2404.09932](https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.09932)  
**Date:** 2024-04-15  
**Summary page:** https://www.summarizepaper.com/fr/paper/2404.09932v1/

## Abstract

This work identifies 18 foundational challenges in assuring the alignment and safety of large language models (LLMs). These challenges are organized into three different categories: scientific understanding of LLMs, development and deployment methods, and sociotechnical challenges. Based on the identified challenges, we pose $200+$ concrete research questions.