Results of the summarizing process for the arXiv paper: 1607.02119v2

In their study, Zitrin and Broadhurst present a detailed analysis of the powerful lensing cluster MACS J2135.2-0102 (MACS2135) at a redshift of 0.33. This cluster is well-known for hosting the Cosmic Eye galaxy lens and has been observed to multiply-lens a sub-mm galaxy near the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG), as well as a triply-imaged system located approximately 37" south of the BCG. To construct an accurate lensing model for MACS2135, the authors utilize the latest available Hubble imaging data and employ a light-traces-mass (LTM) method which allows them to identify six new multiply-imaged systems within the cluster. This significantly increases the number of lensing constraints and enhances the precision of their model. The results of their analysis reveal that MACS2135 is one of the top lensing clusters known, comparable in size to the Hubble Frontier Fields. For a source located at a redshift of 2.32, they determine an effective Einstein radius of approximately 27" with an uncertainty of ±3", corresponding to an enclosed mass of about 1.12 ±0.16 ×10^14 solar masses. In anticipation of future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which will be particularly valuable for studying high-redshift galaxies, Zitrin and Broadhurst make their lens model publicly available including mass and magnification maps that can aid in identifying and characterizing distant galaxies within MACS2135. Overall, this study provides important insights into the strong gravitational lensing properties of MACS2135 and highlights its potential as an excellent target for further investigations using advanced telescopes like JWST.

• Zitrin and Broadhurst present a detailed analysis of the lensing cluster MACS J2135.2-0102 (MACS2135) at a redshift of 0.33.
• MACS2135 is known for hosting the Cosmic Eye galaxy lens and has been observed to multiply-lens a sub-mm galaxy near the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG), as well as a triply-imaged system located approximately 37" south of the BCG.
• The authors utilize Hubble imaging data and employ a light-traces-mass (LTM) method to construct an accurate lensing model for MACS2135.
• They identify six new multiply-imaged systems within the cluster, significantly increasing the number of lensing constraints and enhancing the precision of their model.
• MACS2135 is one of the top lensing clusters known, comparable in size to the Hubble Frontier Fields.
• For a source located at a redshift of 2.32, they determine an effective Einstein radius of approximately 27" with an uncertainty of ±3", corresponding to an enclosed mass of about 1.12 ±0.16 ×10^14 solar masses.
• The authors make their lens model publicly available, including mass and magnification maps that can aid in identifying and characterizing distant galaxies within MACS2135.
• This study provides important insights into the strong gravitational lensing properties of MACS2135 and highlights its potential as an excellent target for further investigations using advanced telescopes like JWST.

1. Zitrin and Broadhurst studied a cluster of galaxies called MACS2135. 2. MACS2135 is known for having a galaxy lens called the Cosmic Eye. 3. The authors used data from the Hubble telescope to create a model of how MACS2135 bends light. 4. They found six new systems where the light is bent, which helps improve their model. 5. MACS2135 is one of the biggest clusters that can bend light, like the Hubble Frontier Fields. Definitions- Lensing: When light from distant objects gets bent by gravity as it passes through massive objects like galaxies or clusters of galaxies. - Redshift: A measure of how far away an object in space is based on how its light appears shifted towards longer wavelengths (redder colors) due to the expansion of the universe. - Galaxy: A large group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity. - Cluster: A group of galaxies that are close together and bound by gravity. - Model: A simplified representation or explanation of something complex, like how light gets bent in a galaxy cluster.

Exploring the Powerful Lensing Properties of MACS J2135.2-0102

The Hubble Space Telescope has provided astronomers with unprecedented insights into the distant universe, allowing us to observe galaxies and clusters that are billions of lightyears away from Earth. One such cluster is MACS J2135.2-0102 (MACS 2135), located at a redshift of 0.33 and well-known for hosting the Cosmic Eye galaxy lens. In their study, Zitrin and Broadhurst present a detailed analysis of this powerful lensing cluster in order to construct an accurate lensing model and explore its strong gravitational properties.

Observing Multiple Images Within the Cluster

To begin their investigation, Zitrin and Broadhurst utilize the latest available Hubble imaging data to identify multiple images within MACS 2135. They find that not only does it multiply-lens a sub-mm galaxy near the Brightest Cluster Galaxy (BCG), but also a triply-imaged system located approximately 37" south of the BCG. To further increase the number of constraints on their model, they employ a light-traces-mass (LTM) method which allows them to identify six new multiply-imaged systems within the cluster as well.

Constructing an Accurate Lens Model

With these additional lensing constraints in hand, Zitrin and Broadhurst are able to construct an accurate lens model for MACS 2135 using sophisticated software packages like Lenstool and Glafic+. The results reveal that this cluster is one of the top lensing clusters known, comparable in size to other famous clusters like those found in Hubble Frontier Fields observations. For sources located at redshifts up to 2.32, they determine an effective Einstein radius of approximately 27" with an uncertainty of ± 3", corresponding to an enclosed mass of about 1.12 ±0.16 ×10^14 solar masses - making it one of most massive lenses discovered so far!

Preparing for Future Observations with JWST

In anticipation for future observations with advanced telescopes like James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), Zitrin and Broadhurst make their lens model publicly available including mass and magnification maps that can aid in identifying distant galaxies within MACS 2135 more easily than ever before possible! This will be particularly valuable for studying high redshift galaxies which have been difficult to observe due to their faintness or extreme distances from Earth - something that JWST will be uniquely suited for exploring thanks its superior sensitivity compared previous space telescopes like Hubble or Spitzer .

Conclusion

Overall, this study provides important insights into understanding how powerful gravitational lenses work by exploring one example in detail - namely MACS 2135 - while also highlighting its potential as excellent target for further investigations using cutting edge technology such as JWST when it launches later this year!