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Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning for Sample-Efficient Multiagent Coordination

Shauharda Khadka, Somdeb Majumdar, Santiago Miret, Stephen McAleer, Kagan Tumer

Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, Vienna, Austria, PMLR 119, 2020
Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Machine Learning, Vienna, Austria, PMLR 108, 2020

Abstract: Many cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning environments provide agents with a sparse team-based reward, as well as a dense agent-specific reward that incentivizes learning basic skills. Training policies solely on the team-based reward is often difficult due to its sparsity. Furthermore, relying solely on the agent-specific reward is sub-optimal because it usually does not capture the team coordination objective. A common approach is to use reward shaping to construct a proxy reward by combining the individual rewards. However, this requires manual tuning for each environment. We introduce Multiagent Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning (MERL), a split-level training platform that handles the two objectives separately through two optimization processes. An evolutionary algorithm maximizes the sparse team-based objective through neuroevolution on a population of teams. Concurrently, a gradient-based optimizer trains policies to only maximize the dense agent-specific rewards. The gradient-based policies are periodically added to the evolutionary population as a way of information transfer between the two optimization processes. This enables the evolutionary algorithm to use skills learned via the agent-specific rewards toward optimizing the global objective. Results demonstrate that MERL significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, such as MADDPG, on a number of difficult coordination benchmarks.

Submitted to arXiv on 18 Jun. 2019