Different higher-order kinematics between star-forming and quiescent galaxies based on the SAMI, MAGPI and LEGA-C surveys
Authors: Francesco D'Eugenio, Arjen van der Wel, Caro Derkenne, Josha van Houdt, Rachel Bezanson, Edward N. Taylor, Jesse van de Sande, William M. Baker, Eric F. Bell, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Asa F. L. Bluck, Sarah Brough, Julia J. Bryant, Matthew Colless, Luca Cortese, Scott M. Croom, Pieter van Dokkum, Deanne Fisher, Caroline Foster, Amelia Fraser-McKelvie, Anna Gallazzi, Anna de Graaff, Brent Groves, Claudia del P. Lagos, Tobias J. Looser, Roberto Maiolino, Michael Maseda, J. Trevor Mendel, Angelos Nersesian, Camilla Pacifici, Joanna M. Piotrowska, Adriano Poci, Rhea-Silvia Remus, Gauri Sharma, Sarah M. Sweet, Sabine Thater, Kim Vy Tran, Hannah Übler, Lucas M. Valenzuela, Emily Wisnioski, Stefano Zibetti
Abstract: We present the first statistical study of spatially integrated non-Gaussian stellar kinematics spanning 7 Gyr in cosmic time. We use deep, rest-frame optical spectroscopy of massive galaxies (stellar mass $M_\star > 10^{10.5} {\rm M}_\odot$) at redshifts z = 0.05, 0.3 and 0.8 from the SAMI, MAGPI and LEGA-C surveys, to measure the excess kurtosis $h_4$ of the stellar velocity distribution, the latter parametrised as a Gauss-Hermite series. We find that at all redshifts where we have large enough samples, $h_4$ anti-correlates with the ratio between rotation and dispersion, highlighting the physical connection between these two kinematic observables. In addition, and independently from the anti-correlation with rotation-to-dispersion ratio, we also find a correlation between $h_4$ and $M_\star$, potentially connected to the assembly history of galaxies. In contrast, after controlling for mass, we find no evidence of independent correlation between $h_4$ and aperture velocity dispersion or galaxy size. These results hold for both star-forming and quiescent galaxies. For quiescent galaxies, $h_4$ also correlates with projected shape, even after controlling for the rotation-to-dispersion ratio. At any given redshift, star-forming galaxies have lower $h_4$ compared to quiescent galaxies, highlighting the link between kinematic structure and star-forming activity.
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