LeWorldModel: Stable End-to-End Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture from Pixels

Authors: Lucas Maes, Quentin Le Lidec, Damien Scieur, Yann LeCun, Randall Balestriero

License: CC BY 4.0

Results of the summarizing process for the arXiv paper: 2603.19312v1

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, , , , In the field of machine learning, Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) have emerged as a promising framework for learning world models in compact latent spaces. However, existing methods have been found to be fragile and often rely on complex multi-term losses, exponential moving averages, pre-trained encoders, or auxiliary supervision to prevent representation collapse. To address these challenges, a new approach called LeWorldModel (LeWM) has been introduced. <kw>Machine Learning:</kw> In the ever-evolving field of machine learning, new techniques and frameworks are constantly being developed to improve performance and efficiency. <kw>Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs):</kw> JEPAs are a specific type of machine learning framework that focuses on learning world models in compact latent spaces. <kw>LeWorldModel (LeWM):</kw> LeWM is a groundbreaking JEPA that offers stable end-to-end training from raw pixels with minimal hyperparameter tuning requirements. <kw>Efficiency in Planning:</kw> One of the key advantages of LeWM is its ability to plan up to 48 times faster than foundation-model-based world models while maintaining competitiveness across various control tasks. <kw>Physical Structure Encoding:</kw> Through probing of physical quantities, LeWM's latent space has been shown to encode meaningful physical structures, making it a valuable tool for various machine learning applications.
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AI-generated Key Points

  • Constant development of new techniques and frameworks to enhance performance and efficiency.
  • Focus on learning world models in compact latent spaces.
  • Offers stable end-to-end training from raw pixels with minimal hyperparameter tuning requirements.
  • LeWM can plan up to 48 times faster than foundation-model-based world models while remaining competitive across control tasks.
  • LeWM's latent space encodes meaningful physical structures through probing of physical quantities, making it valuable for various machine learning applications.
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Abstract: Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) offer a compelling framework for learning world models in compact latent spaces, yet existing methods remain fragile, relying on complex multi-term losses, exponential moving averages, pre-trained encoders, or auxiliary supervision to avoid representation collapse. In this work, we introduce LeWorldModel (LeWM), the first JEPA that trains stably end-to-end from raw pixels using only two loss terms: a next-embedding prediction loss and a regularizer enforcing Gaussian-distributed latent embeddings. This reduces tunable loss hyperparameters from six to one compared to the only existing end-to-end alternative. With ~15M parameters trainable on a single GPU in a few hours, LeWM plans up to 48x faster than foundation-model-based world models while remaining competitive across diverse 2D and 3D control tasks. Beyond control, we show that LeWM's latent space encodes meaningful physical structure through probing of physical quantities. Surprise evaluation confirms that the model reliably detects physically implausible events.

Submitted to arXiv on 13 Mar. 2026

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