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Quantum Computing Fundamentals

Robert Hundt

Cambridge University Press eBooks
DOI: 10.1017/9781009099974.004 (Computer Science)
License: not stated (all rights reserved)

Abstract: This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts and rules of quantum computing. In parallel, it develops an initial, easy-to-understand codebase in Python for building and simulating small-scale quantum circuits and algorithms. The chapter details single qubits, superposition, quantum states with many qubits, operators, including a sizable set of important single-qubit gates and controlled gates. The Bloch sphere and the quantum circuit notation are introduced. Entanglement follows, that fascinating “spooky action at a distance,” as Einstein called it. With this background, the chapter discusses maximally entangled Bell states, the no-cloning theorem, the noneffect of global phases, the partial trace and reduced density matrix, and uncomputation. The quantum postulates are discussed in a nonphilosophical way, leading to measurement and how to simulate it.

Published on 28 Feb. 2022