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Quantum Computing Fundamentals
Robert Hundt (Google (United States))
Abstract: This chapter introduces the fundamental concepts and rules of quantum computing. In parallel, it develops an initial, easy-to-understand Python code base for building and simulating small-scale quantum circuits and algorithms. The chapter details single qubits, superposition, quantum states with many qubits, operators, including a sizable set of important single-qubit gates and controlled gates. The Bloch sphere and the quantum circuit notation are introduced. Entanglement follows, that fascinating “spooky action at a distance,” as Einstein called it. The chapter then discusses maximally entangled Bell states, the no-cloning and no-deleting theorems, local and global phases, and uncomputation. The quantum postulates are discussed briefly as preparation for the discussion on measurements.