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Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation
Nico Hauser (University of Stuttgart, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Matthias J. Bayerbach (University of Stuttgart, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Simone Evaldo D’Aurelio (University of Stuttgart, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Raphael Weber (Universität Ulm, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology), Matteo Santandrea, Shreya P. Kumar, Ish Dhand, Stefanie Barz (University of Stuttgart, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology)
Abstract: Abstract Fault-tolerant fusion-based photonic quantum computing (FBQC) greatly relies on entangling two-photon measurements, called fusions. These fusions can be realized using linear-optical projective Bell-state measurements (BSMs). These linear-optical BSMs are limited to a success probability of 50%, greatly reducing the performance of FBQC schemes. The performance of FBQC can be improved using boosting, thus achieving higher success probabilities by adding additional resources. Here, we realize a boosted BSM using a 4 × 4 multiport splitter and an additional entangled photon pair, allowing for a success probability of up to 75%. In our experiment, we obtain a success probability for our boosted BSM of (69.3 ± 0.3)%, clearly exceeding the 50% limit. We further demonstrate the significance of our boosted BSM for FBQC, showing a threefold increase in robustness to photon loss and a significant reduction of the logical error rates.