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A two-step quantum secure direct communication protocol with hyperentanglement
Bin Gu (Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology), Yugai Huang (Jiangsu Second Normal University), Xia Fang (Jiangsu Second Normal University), Chengyi Zhang (Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology)
Abstract: We propose a two-step quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol with hyperentanglement in both the spatial-mode and the polarization degrees of freedom of photon pairs which can in principle be produced with a beta barium borate crystal. The secret message can be encoded on the photon pairs with unitary operations in these two degrees of freedom independently. This QSDC protocol has a higher capacity than the original two-step QSDC protocol as each photon pair can carry 4 bits of information. Compared with the QSDC protocol based on hyperdense coding, this QSDC protocol has the immunity to Trojan horse attack strategies with the process for determining the number of the photons in each quantum signal as it is a one-way quantum communication protocol.