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Efficient Local Classical Shadow Tomography with Number Conservation

Sumner N. Hearth (Boston University), Michael O. Flynn (Boston University), Anushya Chandran (Boston University), Chris R. Laumann (Boston University)

Physical Review Letters
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.060802 (Physics and Astronomy)
License: CC BY

Abstract: Shadow tomography aims to build a classical description of a quantum state from a sequence of simple random measurements. Physical observables are then reconstructed from the resulting classical shadow. Shadow protocols which use single-body random measurements are simple to implement and capture few-body observables efficiently, but do not apply to systems with fundamental number conservation laws, such as ultracold atoms. We address this shortcoming by proposing and analyzing a new local shadow protocol adapted to such systems. The All-Pairs protocol requires one layer of two-body gates and only poly(V) samples to reconstruct arbitrary few body observables. Moreover, by exploiting the permutation symmetry of the protocol, we derive a linear time postprocessing algorithm which applies to both hardcore bosons and spinless fermions in any spatial dimension. We provide a proof-of-principle reference implementation and demonstrate the reconstruction of two- and four-point functions in a paired Luttinger liquid of hardcore bosons.

Published on 07 Aug. 2024