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Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces Architectures for Visible Light Communication: Metasurfaces, Mirrors, Liquid Crystals, and Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection: Topical Review

Everton Alex Matos (Universidade Federal do Paraná), Lucas Dias Hiera Sampaio (Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná), Luiz Carlos Pessoa Albini (Universidade Federal do Paraná)

IEEE Access
License: CC BY

Abstract: The rapid growth in the number of Internet users, mobile devices, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to a substantial rise in data traffic on current networks. Consequently, the demand for new mobile technologies has intensified significantly, particularly for fifth-generation mobile Internet (5G) and beyond. Visible Light Communication, which leverages high frequencies, holds the potential to achieve higher data throughput compared to traditional radio frequencies. However, despite its benefits, VLC faces several challenges in transmission over the VLC channel, such as line-of-sight blockage, intercell interference, limited field-of-view, uplink, and others. To overcome these challenges, both academia and industry have introduced the concept of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) to assist VLC communication. This study provides a topical review of the synergy between RIS and VLC, focusing on the architecture of RIS implementations, more specifically on metasurfaces (MS), mirror-array (MA), liquid-crystal (LC), and Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting RIS (STAR-RIS). The review highlights key theoretical models, simulation, and representative performance results reported in the studies, and discusses the main insights and future research directions for the practical implementation of RIS-VLC systems.

Published on 01 Jan. 2026