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Abstract: Let $X$ be a Markov process with generator $A$ and let $Y(t)=\gamma (X(t))$. The conditional distribution $\pi_t$ of $X(t)$ given $\sigma (Y(s):s\leq t)$ is characterized as a solution of a filtered martingale problem. As a consequence, we obtain a generator/martingale problem version of a result of Rogers and Pitman on Markov functions. Applications include uniqueness of filtering equations, exchangeability of the state distribution of vector-valued processes, verification of quasireversibility, and uniqueness for martingale problems for measure-valued processes. New results on the uniqueness of forward equations, needed in the proof of uniqueness for the filtered martingale problem are also presented.