Search Results for « Web3 »

Web3 brings an emerging outlook for the value of decentralization, boosting the decentralized infrastructure. People can benefit from Web3, facilitated by the advances in distributed ledger technology, to read, write and own web content, services and applications more freely without revealing their real identities. Although the features and merits of Web3 have been widely discussed, the network architecture of Web3 and how to achieve complete decentralization considering law compliance in Web3 are still unclear. Here, we propose a perspective of Web3 architecture, deController, consisting of underlay and overlay network as Web3 infrastructures to underpin services and applications. The functions of underlay and overlay and their interactions are illustrated. Meanwhile, the security and privacy of Web3 are analyzed based on a novel design of three-tier identities cooperating with deController. Furthermore, the impacts of laws on privacy and cyber sovereignty to achieve Web3 are discussed.

Since the first appearance of the World Wide Web, individuals have increasingly relied on the Internet for cyber social activities. The second phase of the World Wide Web, known as Web 2.0, has extensively attracted worldwide people who participate in creating and enjoying the virtual realm. Today, the next Internet revolution, Web3, will open new opportunities for conventional social models. The decentralization property of Web3 is capable of breaking the monopoly of Internet corporations. Moreover, Web3 will lead to a paradigm shift from the Web functioning solely as a publishing medium to one that fosters intensive interaction and participation. This shift will profoundly influence the interactions between users and platforms, relationships within production networks, and global economic models. As a result, it is necessary that this article technically, practically, and more broadly take an overview of Web3. This article presents a comprehensive survey of Web3, focusing on current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article first introduces several key technologies underlying Web3. Then, some types of Web3 applications (e.g., blockchain) are illustrated in detail. Blockchain and smart contracts ensure decentralized organizations are less trusted and more truthful than centralized ones. Decentralized finance will be global, and open with financial inclusiveness for unbanked people. This article also discusses the relationship between the Metaverse and Web3, including the differences and similarities between Web 3.0 and Web3. Drawing inspiration from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, a novel hierarchy of needs theory within Web3 is proposed. Finally, several worthwhile future research directions of Web3 are discussed.

Web3 is leading a wave of the next generation of web services that even many Web2 applications are keen to ride. However, the lack of Web3 background for Web2 developers hinders easy and effective access and transition. On the other hand, Web3 applications desire for encouragement and advertisement from conventional Web2 companies and projects due to their low market shares. In this paper, we propose a seamless transition framework that transits Web2 to Web3, named WebttCom, after exploring the connotation of Web3 and the key differences between Web2 and Web3 applications. We also provide a full-stack implementation as a use case to support the proposed framework, followed by interviews with five participants that show four positive and one natural response. We confirm that the proposed framework WebttCom addresses the defined research question, and the implementation well satisfies the framework WebttCom in terms of strong necessity, usability, and completeness based on the interview results.

Different from “read” based Web1 and “read-write” based Web2, “read-write-own” based Web3 is proposed as a typical user-centric internet to open the new generation of World Wide Web, which is expected to not allow the power to rest with a few big internet companies. Generally, Web3 is decentralized and semantic depending on user behavior, and thus the zero-trust architecture should be created initially. To hasten its arrival, a comprehensive discussion on its architecture and enabling technologies is inspired. Specifically, to access Web3, it is essential to study how to establish an identity management system. Meanwhile, for resource description and data verification, it is necessary to set up decentralized identifiers (DID), and link the data to identifiers in the form of DID document. In particular, a decentralized network operating system is an indispensable underlying technology for Web3, incorporating concepts such as decentralization and user-driven philosophy. Therefore, the corresponding technologies for the operating system such as blockchain and distributed ledger technology should be further studied and developed. Moreover, in order to reduce the consensus cost, a large-scale incentive mechanism is also the basis of long-term sustainability, which can attract and motivate distributed players to participate in the maintenance of Web3. Last but not the least, Web3 is built on a physical infrastructure relying on communication, networking, storage and computing, which is crucial to establishing an effective and secure Web3. This encourages us to study communication, networking, storage and computing in Web3, as well as the specific requirements of running Web3.

The self-proclaimed usurper of Web 2.0, Web3 quickly became the center of attention. Not long ago, the public discourse was saturated with projects, promises, and peculiarities of Web3. Now the spotlight has swung around to focus on the many faults, failures, and frauds of Web3. The cycles of technological trends and investment bubbles seem to be accelerating in such a way as to escape any attempt at observing them in motion before they crash, and then everybody moves on to the next thing. Importantly, Web3 was not an anomaly or curiosity in the broader tech industry. It articulates patterns that existed before Web3 and will exist after. Web3 should be understood as a case study of innovation within the dominant model of Silicon Valley venture capitalism. Our focus in this article is on understanding how the movement around Web3 formed through an interplay between (1) normative concepts and contestations related to ideas of “decentralization” and (2) political economic interests and operations related to the dynamics of fictitious capital. By offering a critical analysis of Web3, our goal is also to show how any even potentially progressive (or as we call them “expansive”) forms of Web3 development struggle for success, recognition, and attention due to the wild excesses of hype and investment devoted to “extractive” forms of Web3. In the process, they provide us a better view of how different arrangements of technopolitics can exist at the same time, side-by-side, in complicated ways.

Web3 provides users and service providers several benefits not found in Web2. However, despite the benefits provided, Web3 faces several obstacles that prevent the paradigm from gaining widespread adoption. Developers should understand the benefits and limitations of the technology in order to create more accessible Web3 smart applications.

The web3 applications have recently been growing, especially on the Ethereum platform, starting to become the target of scammers. The web3 scams, imitating the services provided by legitimate platforms, mimic regular activity to deceive users. The current phishing account detection tools utilize graph learning or sampling algorithms to obtain graph features. However, large-scale transaction networks with temporal attributes conform to a power-law distribution, posing challenges in detecting web3 scams. In this paper, we present ScamSweeper, a novel framework to identify web3 scams on Ethereum. Furthermore, we collect a large-scale transaction dataset consisting of web3 scams, phishing, and normal accounts. Our experiments indicate that ScamSweeper exceeds the state-of-the-art in detecting web3 scams.

Der Begriff „Web3“, früher auch als „Web 3.0“ bezeichnet, hat seinen Ursprung in den Gründerzeiten des World Wide Web. In den letzten Monaten wurde der Begriff allerdings zunehmend zum Synonym für Blockchain Technologie und Kryptowährungen. Warum ist dem so? Der folgende Text ist der Versuch einer einfach zugänglichen Erklärung einer extrem komplexen Fragestellung.

As the field of Web3 continues its rapid expansion, the security of Web3 authentication, often the gateway to various Web3 applications, becomes increasingly crucial. Despite its widespread use as a login method by numerous Web3 applications, the security risks of Web3 authentication have not received much attention. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities in the Web3 authentication process and proposes a new type of attack, dubbed blind message attacks. In blind message attacks, attackers trick users into blindly signing messages from target applications by exploiting users' inability to verify the source of messages, thereby achieving unauthorized access to the target application. We have developed Web3AuthChecker, a dynamic detection tool that interacts with Web3 authentication-related APIs to identify vulnerabilities. Our evaluation of real-world Web3 applications shows that a staggering 75.8% (22/29) of Web3 authentication deployments are at risk of blind message attacks. In response to this alarming situation, we implemented Web3AuthGuard on the open-source wallet MetaMask to alert users of potential attacks. Our evaluation results show that Web3AuthGuard can successfully raise alerts in 80% of the tested Web3 authentications. We have responsibly reported our findings to vulnerable websites and have been assigned two CVE IDs.