Wolf 503 b: Characterization of a Sub-Neptune Orbiting a Metal-Poor K Dwarf
Authors: Alex S. Polanski, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Jennifer A. Burt, Grzegorz Nowak, Mercedes López-Morales, Annelies Mortier, Ennio Poretti, Aida Behmard, Björn Benneke, Sarah Blunt, Aldo S. Bonomo, R. Paul Butler, Ashley Chontos, Rosario Cosentino, Jeffrey D. Crane, Xavier Dumusque, Benjamin J. Fulton, Adriano Ghedina, Varoujan Gorjian, Samuel K. Grunblatt, Avet Harutyunyan, Andrew W. Howard, Howard Isaacson, Molly R. Kosiarek, David W. Latham, Rafael Luque, Aldo F. Martinez Fiorenzano, Michel Mayor, Sean M. Mills, Emilio Molinari, Evangelos Nagel, Enric Pallé, Erik A. Petigura, Stephen A. Shectman, Alessandro Sozzetti, Johanna K. Teske, Sharon Xuesong Wang, Lauren M. Weiss
Abstract: Using radial velocity measurements from four instruments, we report the mass and density of a $2.043\pm0.069 ~\rm{R}_{\oplus}$ sub-Neptune orbiting the quiet K-dwarf Wolf 503 (HIP 67285). In addition, we present improved orbital and transit parameters by analyzing previously unused short-cadence $K2$ campaign 17 photometry and conduct a joint radial velocity-transit fit to constrain the eccentricity at $0.41\pm0.05$. The addition of a transit observation by $Spitzer$ also allows us to refine the orbital ephemeris in anticipation of further follow-up. Our mass determination, $6.26^{+0.69}_{-0.70}~\rm{M}_{\odot}$, in combination with the updated radius measurements, gives Wolf 503 b a bulk density of $\rho = 2.92\pm ^{+0.50}_{-0.44}$ $\rm{g}~\rm{cm}^{-3}$. Using interior composition models, we find this density is consistent with an Earth-like core with either a substantial $\rm{H}_2\rm{O}$ mass fraction ($45^{+19.12}_{-16.15}\%$) or a modest H/He envelope ($0.5\pm0.28\%$). The low H/He mass fraction, along with the old age of Wolf 503 ($11\pm2$ Gyrs), makes this sub-Neptune an opportune subject for testing theories of XUV-driven mass loss while the brightness of its host ($J=8.3$ mag) makes it an attractive target for transmission spectroscopy.
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